24°14′S 66°30′W / 24.233°S 66.500°W[1] San Jerónimo is a volcano in Argentina. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from San Antonio de los Cobres[2] and the lava flows are visible from the road.[3]
Also known as San Gerónimo,[4] it is a monogenetic volcano like Negro de Chorrillos[5] and with it part of the geological Piedras Blancas Formation.[6] The volcano has a cone with three craters and reaches an elevation of 4,950 metres (16,240 ft), which covers an area of about 1.9 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi).[7] It developed on top of ignimbrites of Miocene age[1] of the Aguas Calientes caldera and is formed by lava, lava bombs and scoria.[8] The volcano erupted basaltic-trachyandesitic lava which propagated to distances of 8–10 kilometres (5.0–6.2 mi) from the vent[9] and which dammed a local river, forming a lake.[2] The dating of the eruption is uncertain; an older estimate was 780,000 ± 100,000 years ago but a newer indicates that it formed 144,000 ± 3,000 years ago. The older age was probably a product of rocks contaminated by xenoliths.[10]
San Jerónimo is part of a 170 kilometres (110 mi) long alignment of volcanoes along the Calama-Olacapato-El Toro fault. This string of volcanoes is diverse, including calderas and stratovolcanoes on the one hand and plutons and monogenetic volcanoes on the other hand.[11] This fault zone is represented by fault scarps, ponds and springs that occur in the area of the volcanoes.[2] One volcano that is part of this structure is Aguas Calientes caldera,[5] on whose border the San Jerónimo volcano is constructed.[1] The wider region is part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone, where a number of volcanoes ranging from monogenetic volcanoes over polygenetic volcanoes to calderas developed.[12]
References
- 1 2 3 Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 243.
- 1 2 3 Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 4.
- ↑ Petrinovic, Iván A. (2008). "Los Volcanes Gemelos de la Poma, El Saladillo, Negro de Chorrillos y San Jerónimo. Las erupciones más recientes en el borde oriental de la Puna". Anales / Instituto de Geologia y Recursos Minerales: 37. ISSN 0328-2325.
- ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 3.
- 1 2 Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 242.
- ↑ Sanci, Romina (2019). Aplicación de Isotopos al Estudio Geoambiental de Base de la Región de San Antonio de los Cobres. Salta, Argentina (Report). p. 4. ISSN 2618-5016.
- ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 6.
- ↑ Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 244.
- ↑ Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 245.
- ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 15.
- ↑ Petrinovic et al. 2006, p. 241.
- ↑ Fernandez-Turiel et al. 2021, p. 1.
Sources
- Fernandez-Turiel, J.L.; Saavedra, J.; Perez-Torrado, F.J.; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, A.; Rejas, M.; Guillou, H.; Aulinas, M. (August 2021). "New ages, morphometric and geochemical data on recent shoshonitic volcanism of the Puna, Central Volcanic Zone of Andes: San Jerónimo and Negro de Chorrillos volcanoes". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 109: 103270. Bibcode:2021JSAES.10903270F. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103270. hdl:10261/246123. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 233645165.
- Petrinovic, I. A.; Riller, U.; Brod, J. A.; Alvarado, G.; Arnosio, M. (2006-04-15). "Bimodal volcanism in a tectonic transfer zone: Evidence for tectonically controlled magmatism in the southern Central Andes, NW Argentina". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 152 (3–4): 240–252. Bibcode:2006JVGR..152..240P. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.10.008.