A is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 17, 18 [3]: 546 
‑a a Transliteration[note 1]
— ᠠ[lower-alpha 1] Alone
ᠠ᠋[lower-alpha 2]
[lower-alpha 3]
ᠠ‍[lower-alpha 4] Initial
‍ᠠ‍ Medial
‍ᠠ Connected final
᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ — Separated final
Ligatures[2]: 22–23 [3]: 546 
ba pa Transliteration
ᠪᠠ[lower-alpha 5] ᠫᠠ Alone
ᠪᠠ‍ ᠫᠠ‍ Initial
‍ᠪᠠ‍ ‍ᠫᠠ‍ Medial
‍ᠪᠠ ‍ᠫᠠ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑a Transliteration
 ᠠ‍⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Initial
 ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ Whole
  • Transcribes Chakhar /ɑ/;[8][9] Khalkha /a/, /ə/, and /∅/.[10]: 40–42  Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter а.[11][4]
  • Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (e), the shape of adjacent consonants (q/k and γ/g), and position in syllable sequence (n, ng, q, γ, d).[12]
  • The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, and p), and to the right in all other cases.
  • ‍ᠠ᠋‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.[13]: 44 
  • ‍ᠠ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ = connected galik final.[2]: 26–28 [13]: 38–39 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰), written twice for isolate and initial forms.[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113 [13]: 35 
  • Produced with A using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[15]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, a comes before e.

Clear Script

Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Xibe language

Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Manchu language

Look up ᠠ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

  1. ↑ As in the interjection ᠠ a (аа aa) 'a!, oh!, well!'.[6]: 1 
  2. ↑ As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (ээ ee) 'oh!'.[6]: 1, 284 
  3. ↑ As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).[6]: 1 
  4. ↑ Also used in enumerations, akin to a) or b).[2]: 18 
  5. ↑ As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.[6]: 64 [2]: 22 
  1. ↑ Scholarly transliteration.[4]
  2. ↑ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter a include:  ᠠ⟨?⟩ ‑a (vocative or dative-locative),  ᠠᠴᠠ⟨?⟩ ‑ača (ablative), and  ᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ⟨?⟩ ‑ačaγan (reflexive+ablative).[7]

References

  1. ↑ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. 1 2 3 Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. 1 2 "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. ↑ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[5]
  7. ↑ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  8. ↑ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  9. ↑ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. ↑ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
  11. ↑ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  12. ↑ Viklund, Andreas. "Lingua Mongolia - Mongolian Grammar Reference". Lingua Mongolia. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  13. 1 2 3 Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  14. ↑ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. ↑ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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