Qa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠬ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Qa
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 14, 17, 21, 24–25 [3]: 546 [4]: 212–213 
q k Transliteration[note 1]
ᠬ Initial
‍ᠬ‍ Medial (syllable-initial)
— — Medial (syllable-final)
— — Final
C-V syllables[2]: 15 [6]: 19 
q‑a qa ke ki qo, qu kö, kü Transliteration
— ᠬᠠ[lower-alpha 1] ᠬᠡ[lower-alpha 2] ᠬᠢ[lower-alpha 3] ᠬᠣ᠋ ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩ ⟨w/o tail⟩[lower-alpha 4] Alone
ᠬᠥ᠋⟨?⟩ ⟨w/ tail⟩
— ᠬᠠ‍ ᠬᠡ‍ ᠬᠢ‍ ᠬᠣ‍ ᠬᠥ‍ Initial
— ‍ᠬᠠ‍ ‍ᠬᠡ‍ ‍ᠬᠢ‍ ‍ᠬᠣ‍ ‍ᠬᠥ‍ Medial
‍ᠬ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ — ‍ᠬᠡ ‍ᠬᠢ ‍ᠬᠣ ‍ᠬᠥ Final
Separated suffixes[note 2]
‑ki ‑kin Transliteration
 ᠬᠢ  ᠬᠢᠨ Whole

q/k

  • Transcribes Chakhar /x/;[11][12] Khalkha /x/. Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter х.[6][5]
  • Produced with H using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[13]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, q/k comes after p and before γ/g.

q

  • Distinction from other tooth-shaped letters by position in syllable sequence.
  • A separated isolate-shaped ‑q appears in the Uyghur loan title ayaγ‑q‑a tegimlig 'worthy of respect; reverend'.[3]: 546 [14]: 43 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur merged gimel and heth (𐽲).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113–115 [16]: 35 

k

  • Syllable-initially indistinguishable from g.[2]: 15, 24 [9]: 9 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur kaph (𐽷).[3]: 539–540, 545–546 [15]: 111, 113, 115 [16]: 35 

Clear Script

Look up ᡍ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

  1. ↑ As in ᠬᠠ/ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ qa/qamiγ‑a (хаа khaa) 'where'.[8]: 895, 923 
  2. ↑ As in ᠬᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡ/ᠬᠡᠭᠡᠨ ke/kege/kegen (хээ khee) 'pattern, piping, design, stamp'.[8]: 438, 442 
  3. ↑ See the separated  ᠬᠢ ‑ki suffix.[8]
  4. ↑ As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,[8]: 494 [9]: 46  or ᠬᠥ⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.[8]: 475, 478 
  1. ↑ Scholarly transliteration.[5]
  2. ↑ Separated suffixes starting with the letter k include:  ᠬᠢ ‑ki or  ᠬᠢᠨ ‑kin (case-bound possession).[10]

References

  1. ↑ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. 1 2 3 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  4. ↑ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  5. 1 2 "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  6. 1 2 Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  7. ↑ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[7]
  9. 1 2 Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
  10. ↑ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
  11. ↑ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  12. ↑ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  13. ↑ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  14. ↑ Kara, György (2005). Books of the Mongolian Nomads: More Than Eight Centuries of Writing Mongolian. Indiana University, Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. ISBN 978-0-933070-52-3.
  15. 1 2 Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  16. 1 2 Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
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